2016IYPT題目

高二4班 黃筠凱 翻譯

1. Lagging Pendulum滯後擺

A pendulum consists of a strong thread and a bob. When the pivot of the pendulum starts moving along a horizontal circumference, the bob starts tracing a circle which can have a smaller radius, under certain conditions. Investigate the motion and stable trajectories of the bob.

鐘擺由一個堅固的線和擺錘所組成。當鐘擺的樞軸開始沿著水平圓周運動，在某些條件下該擺錘開始繞著一個較小半徑的圈圈。探討擺錘的運動和穩定的軌跡。

2. Acoustic Lens聲波聚焦(聲波透鏡)

Fresnel lenses with concentric rings are widely used in optical applications, however a similar principle can be used to focus acoustic waves. Design and produce an acoustic lens and investigate its properties, such as amplification, as a function of relevant parameters.

菲涅耳透鏡具有同心環被廣泛用應於光學用途，但是類似的原理可以用於聚焦聲波。設計並製造聲透鏡和研究其性質，例如放大，作為相關參數的函數。

3. Ultrahydrophobic Water超親油性的水

Set a dish filled with soapy water onto a loudspeaker or other vibrator. When it oscillates, it is possible to hold small droplets on its surface for a long time. Explain and investigate the phenomenon.

將裝滿肥皂水到揚聲器或其他振盪器。當它產生振盪時，在其表面上能夠保持一些小液滴且維持一段時間。解釋和調查此一現象。

4. Hot Water Fountain熱水噴泉

Partially fill a Mohr pipette with hot water. Cover the top of the pipette with your thumb. Turn the tip upwards and observe the fountain exiting the tip. Investigate the parameters describing the height of the fountain, and optimize them to get the maximum height. 

將一支莫爾定樣吸管內填充部分的熱水。用拇指按住吸管的頂部。將定樣吸管尖尾朝上，觀察噴泉從尖尾噴出。研究說明噴泉的高度參數，並對其進行優化，以獲得最大高度。

5. Magnetic Train 磁鐵列車

Button magnets are attached to both ends of a small cylindrical battery. When placed in a copper coil such that the magnets contact the coil, this "train" starts to move. Explain the phenomenon and investigate how relevant parameters affect the train's speed and power.

將鈕扣型磁鐵分別吸附在一個小圓柱形電池的兩端。當放置在銅線圈，使磁鐵與接觸線圈，這一“列車”就可開始移動。解釋這種現象並探討相關參數如何影響列車的速度和力量。

6. Water Waves 水波

Generate a water wave with a vertically oscillating horizontal cylinder. When varying the excitation frequency and/or amplitude, the water seems to drift away from or towards the cylinder. Investigate the phenomenon.

利用水平圓柱使垂直振動生成水波。當改變激勵頻率和/或幅度大小時，水似乎從或向水平圓柱漂走。研究此一現象。

7. Light Rings 光環

Let a liquid jet fall onto a surface. If the contact point is illuminated by a laser beam, rings of light around the jet can be observed (see Figure). Investigate the light rings and determine how they depend on relevant parameters of the whole system.

讓液體噴射落到表面上。如果接觸點正由雷射光照射時，可以觀察到圍繞噴射液體周圍的光環（見圖）。

研究光環，並確定它們是如何依賴於整個系統的相關參數。

8. Rolling on a Disc在圓盤上滾動

If you put a light rolling object (e.g. a ring, a disc, or a sphere) on a horizontal rotating disc, it may start moving without being expelled from the disc. Explain how different types of motion depend on the relevant parameters. 

如果你把一個輕而且可以滾動的物體（如環，圓盤，或球）至於水平旋轉圓盤，它可能會開始移動，而不從光盤被排開。說明不同運動類型如何取決於相關參數。

9. Van der Pauw Method

It is known that conductivity of a material can be measured independently of the sample shape, as long as the sample has one border (no holes). To what extent can such a method be applied? Investigate and explain such measurements if the sample has holes.

已知材料的導電性的量測與材料樣品形狀無關，只要該樣品具有一個邊界（無孔）。在何種程度上這樣的方法可以被應用？研究並說明當樣品有孔時的量測。

10. Paper Vice紙的鉗住

Take two similar paperback books and interleave a few pages at a time. Push the books together. Hold the two books by their spines and try to pull them apart. Investigate the parameters that set the limits of being able to separate the books.

就拿兩本類似的平裝書和每次交織幾頁。然後將書靠攏在一起。握住兩本書的脊骨，並嘗試將它們拉開。調查能夠分開書籍的極限的參數。

11. Contactless Calliper無接觸游標卡尺

Invent and construct an optical device that uses a laser pointer and allows contactless determination of thickness, refractive index, and other properties of a glass sheet.

利用雷射筆開發並建構一個無接觸而可測量厚度、折射率、以及玻璃板的其它性能的光學裝置。

12. Frisbee Vortices飛盤渦旋

When a vertical plate is partially submerged in water and pulled in a direction normal to the plate, a pair of vortices is created in the surface of the water. Under certain conditions, these vortices travel along the surface for a long distance. Investigate the parameters influencing the motion and stability of these vortices.

當一個垂直板部分地浸沒在水中，並在沿垂直於板的方向拉出，一對旋渦的在水面被創建。在某些條件下，這些旋渦沿著表面行進了一段很長的距離。調查影響這些渦流的運動和穩定性的參數。

http://phys171.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/doc/Draft_2016_IYPT_Reference_kit.pdf